A 62-year-old man presents to the clinic to discuss an abnormal finding on a recent imaging study. Two weeks ago, he presented to the emergency department with right flank pain and hematuria. A non-contrast abdominal CT scan confirmed nephrolithiasis but incidentally revealed a 14 mm nodule in the right lower lobe of his lung. He reports no cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, or dyspnea. His medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He has a 40 pack-year smoking history but quit 5 years ago. He has no known asbestos or radon exposure and no personal or family history of malignancy. Current medications include lisinopril and atorvastatin.

He appears comfortable and is in no acute distress. His blood pressure is 128/82 mmHg, heart rate is 76 bpm, respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute, temperature is 98.6°F, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air.